李志民Science刊文：中国的“双一流”建设（中英对照）

中国的“双一流”建设

 Implementation of the Double First-Class Initiative in China

“世界一流大学和一流学科”建设是中国政府继“211”工程和“985”工程之后的提升高等教育水平的重要举措，是实现人力资源强国的重大战略部署，事关国家核心竞争力的增强和现代化的实现。“双一流”建设与中国经济和社会发展相适应，与国家发展对人才的需求相匹配。

The construction of “world-class universities and first-class disciplines” is a crucial measure taken by the Chinese government to improve higher education after the success of the 211 and 985 Programs, and to ensure that the nation becomes rich in human-resource potential. It is also relevant to enhancing the country’s core competitiveness internationally and to achieving its modernization goals. The implementation of the Double First-Class Initiative is fully compatible with China’s economic and social development and the demand for talents to play a central role in spearheading the country’s growth.

“双一流”建设有中国特色。“双一流”建设按照中国经济社会发展的实际需求，结合高等教育的发展阶段，借鉴国际高等教育发展经验，立足国情，鼓励创新，正在建成具有中国特色的世界级大学和世界一流学科。

The Double First-Class Initiative integrates the development of higher education at home and the lessons learned from the development of higher education abroad. World-class universities and first-class disciplines are being built in keeping with Chinese cultural characteristics; the plan combines a careful evaluation of national conditions with a spirit that encourages innovation. 

“双一流”建设契合教育的本质和规律、与时俱进。中国的高等教育已进入大众化教育阶段。同时，人类正在进入网络化和信息化社会，大学的组织形式深刻改变，教育要素集中于网络平台，教育实施以个人选择为主，真正实现了个性化学习。在“双一流”建设过程中，中国研究和遵循教育规律，关注学校和学科科研创新能力的提高，关注人才培养能力的提高。

The implementation of the Double First-Class Initiative is in accord with the essence and principles of education, while still keeping pace with the times. China’s higher education system has joined the age of “mass education.” We are entering a networked and information-based society; the organization of the university has changed profoundly, and curriculums are becoming centered on digital platforms, where the nature of education focuses on inpidual choice and personalized learning is becoming the way of the future. In the process of laying the groundwork for the initiative, China strives to foster the highest educational standards, while strongly supporting higher education in its goals of improving scientific research, increasing the capacity for innovation, and expanding the cultivation of talent. 

“双一流”建设有着科学的制度体系。从世界一流大学的发展历程来看，大学的良好运转需要通过立法来规范大学的发展行为，明确管理机制和运行机制。中国的大学依据《高等教育法》理顺大学与政府的关系，在政府指导下发挥大学自主办学的积极性。

The Double First-Class Initiative is being planned using a scientific system; in order to build world-class universities and ensure their sound operation, their development must be standardized through legislation that clarifies the mechanisms of management and operation. Chinese universities maintain their relationship with the government in accordance with the Higher Education Law of the People’s Republic of China, giving full play to their ability to run independently while still under the guidance of the government. 

“双一流”建设搭建合理的评价体系。合理的评价体系是高等教育良性发展的重要动力。在“双一流”目标指引下，中国高校学科评估体现出对高校办学特色的保护性鼓励，对学科建设的方向性指导。大学的评价围绕学生培养开展，让学生的主动性充分发挥。

The Double First-Class Initiative provides a reasonable evaluation system, which is an important impetus for the sound development of higher education. Under the initiative, assessment of Chinese universities is characterized by support and encouragement in the administrative details of running a university and directional guidance in the formation of disciplines. The appraisal of the university centers on the cultivation of students and allows their initiative to flourish. 

“双一流”建设得到稳健的人才支撑。近年来，中国高等教育飞速发展，中国高校大力引才。《诗经•大雅•文王》云：“思皇多士，生此王国。王国克生，维周之桢；济济多士，文王以宁。”一流的学者队伍是打造一流科研和一流教学的依托。中国建设一流大学和一流学科不仅要有大楼，更需要有大师。

Perhaps the most crucial aspect of the Double First-Class Initiative is the support it receives from the stable supply of talents that is now pouring in. In recent years, Chinese higher education has been developing rapidly, and its universities have attracted more and more specialists. What is said in the classic Chinese poetry collection The Book of Songs, Da Ya and Wen Wang is that “talents were born in this kingdom, who fostered the development of the kingdom; they were the pillars of the Zhou Dynasty.” A first-class team of scholars is the basis for first-class scientific research and teaching. The construction of world-class universities and first-class disciplines in China requires not only buildings, but also experts in every field. 

中国高校正在发挥人类文明发展的引领作用，中国“双一流”建设正在发挥对高等教育的导向和引领作用。中国的“双一流”建设带来了数以万计的岗位和机会，欢迎全球人才的加入，中国，实现科研梦想的地方。

By being fully engaged in the Double First-Class Initiative and helping to guide higher education toward a brighter future, Chinese universities are playing a leading role in the advancement of human civilization. The Double First-Class Initiative has opened up thousands of opportunities for outstanding scholars. Global talents are welcomed to join us, for Chi